小胶质细胞控制着中枢神经系统主要的免疫功能,在各种精神疾病中发挥重要作用.某些信号通路的激活引发的神经炎症与抑郁症的发生有着密切的关系.小胶质细胞是神经炎症的主要介导者,不同的刺激促进小胶质细胞极化,不同极化类型的小胶质细胞能分泌多种炎性细胞因子,在神经炎症调节中具有重要的作用.临床研究和体内外实验研究表明,抑郁症与小胶质细胞极化介导的神经炎症有关.小胶质细胞极化参与抑郁症发生发展的可能机制包括NF-κB信号通路激活、呼吸爆发、补体受体3信号通路、NLRP3炎症激活、cannibalism受体1、Notch-1信号通路和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ的激活.本文就小胶质细胞极化与抑郁关系的研究进展作一综述.“,”Microglia mainly control the immune efficiency of the central nervous system and play an important role in various psychiatric diseases.Neuroinflammation triggered by the signaling pathway activation is related to the development of depression.Microglia are the main mediators of neuroinflammation.Different stimulations promote the polarization of microglia,which secrete inflammatory cytokines that affect the regulation of neuroinflammation.Clinical and experimental research in vivo and in vitro have demonstrated the relationship of depression with neuroinflammation mediated by microglial polarization.The possible mechanisms of polarization mediating depression involve NF-κB signaling pathway activation,respiratory bursts,complement receptor 3(CR3)signaling pathway activation,NLRP3 inflammation activation,cannibalism receptor 1(CB1)activation,Notch-1 signal pathway stimulation,and PPARγ receptor activation.This review discusses research progress on the relationship between microglial polarization and depression.