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小麦品种提纯复壮的方法很多,名称也不统一,为了便于比较,可归纳为二年一田制、三年一圃一田制和四年二圃一田制三种基本形式。本文想通过比较分析,说明四年二圃一田制的优点及其具体搞法,和种子部门的同志们商榷,可否在小麦良种繁育工作中尽快推广应用,代替当前仍为主要形式的三年一圃一田制。一、小麦品种提纯复壮的基本形式:(一)两年一田制,即穗选留种法:头一年小麦收获前在田间选择一定数量的具有该品种典型性状、生长健壮的穗子,混合脱粒、保存,下年在种子田繁殖一代后供大田用种。此法简便易行,早在五十年代就在生产上推广应用,发挥了一定作用。其主要缺点是误选杂穗混入种子内,直接影响提纯效果。
There are many ways of purification and rejuvenation of wheat varieties, the name is not uniform, in order to facilitate comparison, can be summarized as two years a field system, three years a field system and a four-year two nursery field system of three basic forms. This paper wants to comparatively analyze and explain the advantages and specific practices of the two-field and one-field system in the past four years and to discuss with the comrades in the seed sector whether it can be popularized and popularized as soon as possible in the field of wheat seed breeding instead of the current three- Nursery field system. First, the basic form of purification and rejuvenation of wheat varieties: (A) a two-year field system, that is spike election retention method: the first year before harvest in wheat to select a certain number of typical varieties with the characters, robust spike growth, mixed threshing , Save the next year in the field of seed breeding for the field after planting. This method is simple and easy, as early as the fifties on the promotion of production, has played a role. Its main disadvantage is mistakenly mixed spike mixed seeds, directly affect the purification effect.