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目的了解生物质气化灶的设计原理及主要技术指标,评价使用效果,为其在燃煤型氟中毒病区推广应用提供科学依据。方法调查生物质气化灶生产厂家关于该灶的设计原理和主要技术指标及产品实验数据。随机抽取5户居民调查使用生物质气化灶前后用煤量、用柴量、炊事时间、测定旺火期、封火期空气氟浓度、尿氟含量,计算平均值。结果生物质气化灶具有节能减排、卫生、热效率高、操作安全简单、环保等特点,平均用煤量、用柴量分别为4.77 kg/d、8.42 kg/d,与未使用前比较减少了50.47%、61.20%。炊事时间减少0.46 h/d。旺火期、封火期空气氟浓度与使用前比较,均有所下降;旺火期(F=9.68,P<0.05),封火期(F=91.91,P<0.05),均有统计学意义。尿氟有一定程度下降。结论生物质气化灶有节能、卫生、安全、易行,使用寿命长,操作简单等优点,能够有效降低病区群众受到燃煤型氟中毒的危害,在燃煤型氟中毒病区具有推广应用价值。
Objective To understand the design principle and main technical indexes of biomass gasification stoves and to evaluate the results of their use to provide a scientific basis for their application in the field of coal-fired fluorosis. Methods Investigate the design principle, main technical index and product experimental data of the manufacturer of biomass gasification stove. Five households were randomly selected to survey the amount of coal before and after using biomass gasification stove, the amount of firewood, the cooking time, the determination of the air-to-air fluorine concentration and urine fluoride content during the peak-fire period and the sealing fire period, and the average value was calculated. Results The biomass gasification stove had the characteristics of energy saving and emission reduction, high hygiene, high thermal efficiency, safe operation and environmental protection. The average coal consumption was 4.77 kg / d and 8.42 kg / d, respectively, 50.47%, 61.20%. Cooking time reduced by 0.46 h / d. During the period of flourishing and sealing, the fluoride concentrations in air were both decreased compared with those before use. The peak duration of fire (F = 9.68, P <0.05) and the period of sealing fire (F = 91.91, P <0.05) significance. Urinary fluoride decreased to some extent. Conclusion Biomass gasification stove has the advantages of energy saving, health, safety, easy operation, long service life, simple operation and so on, which can effectively reduce the risk to the people in the ward due to the burning of coal-type fluorosis and has the promotion in the coal-burning fluorosis area Value.