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凡议论文,目的都是阐明某一论点。但在阐述方式上,大致可分两种类型:一是证明,一是反驳。所谓证明,就是从正面论述观点的正确性,也叫立论;所谓反驳,就是直接批驳对方的论点(或论据,或论证过程),以树立起自己的观点,也叫驳论。反驳型议论文不论是反击对手,揭露对手的荒谬,还是批评某种思想、行为的错误性,都是为了驳倒对方,借以辨明是非,匡正错误,弘扬真理,伸张正义。因此在写驳论文时,首先要明确反驳的论点,即确立反驳目标。在针对某一论调写反驳文章时,应在深入剖析的基础上,抓住谬论的要害,针锋相对地予以驳斥。
Where the argument paper, the purpose is to clarify a certain point. But in elaborating the way, it can be roughly divided into two types: one is proof, the other is refuted. The so-called proof is to discuss the correctness of the viewpoint from the front, also called the argument. The so-called refutation is to directly criticize each other’s arguments (or argument, or argumentation process) to establish their own point of view, also called refutation. Refuting argument essays are not only counterattacking opponents, exposing opponents’ absurdity, but also criticizing the wrongness of certain kinds of thoughts and behaviors in order to disprove each other, so as to discern right and wrong, correct errors, carry forward the truth, and go forward with justice. Therefore, when writing dissertations, we must first clearly refute the argument that a rebuttal is established. When writing refutation articles on a certain thesis, we should seize the essence of fallacy and oppose it on the basis of thorough analysis.