We establish the formalism of nuclear spin-isospin excitations, especially the Gamow-Teller resonance in a fully consistent relativistic random-phase approximation. A relativistic form of the Landau-Migdal parameter g′ is adopted as a residual spin-isospin correlation force. In the non-relativistic limit it reproduces the excitation energy of the giant Gamow-Teller resonance state obtained in the non-relativistic model. The Gamow-Teller resonance for finite nuclei is investigated in a relativistic approach for the first time. It is found that the Ikeda sum rule of90Zr is quenched about 8% in the Hartree as well as the correlated strengths due to the poles of the negative Dirac states at energies above 1 GeV.