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1.0引言 最近几年来,申小龙提出了汉语的某些特点。按申的解释,正因有该特点,汉语与所谓“西方形态语言”便具有了基本的差异。申认为,不同文化下产生的不同思维方式和概念形成语法间的巨大差异。因此对语法的全面描写必须考虑到语言的文化特征。他进一步提出了以对语法现象进行文化解释为中心的一种新的汉语分析体系。我们同意申小龙的观点,即限于结构分析的现有语法学不够全面。我们也认为,揭示文化对语法的影响是十分重要的,不过仅仅从文化角度来发掘语法特征便会忽视语法最基本的社会符号性质。我们主张,语言的基本任务是在人类社会上起某些符号性作用,比如表示物质或心理世界的事件和实体、表达说话者的意图、在一定的语篇里指称某个事物或事件等等。因此可以说,所有语言,尽管在语法组织上有着丰富的差异,但都提供了体现类似符号性作用的功能相当的资源。
1.0 Introduction In recent years, Shen Xiaolong put forward some of the characteristics of Chinese. According to Shen’s explanation, precisely because of this feature, there is a fundamental difference between Chinese and the so-called “western morphological language”. Shen believes that the different ways of thinking and concepts under different cultures form a huge difference between the grammar. Therefore, the full description of grammar must take into account the cultural characteristics of language. He further proposed a new Chinese analysis system centered on the cultural interpretation of grammatical phenomena. We agree with Shen Xiaolong’s view that the existing grammar that is limited to structural analysis is not comprehensive enough. We also think that it is very important to reveal the influence of culture on grammar. However, only exploring the grammatical features from the cultural perspective will ignore the most basic social symbolic nature of grammar. We argue that the basic task of language is to play certain symbolic roles in human society, such as the events and entities that represent the physical or psychological world, the speaker’s intention, the affirmation of a certain thing or event in a certain discourse, etc. . Therefore, it can be said that all languages, despite their rich grammatical differences, provide a functionally equivalent resource embodying similar symbolic roles.