管道输油与铁路等其它输送手段相比,具有安全、经济、操作简单、节省劳力、易于实现自动化等优点。因此,自从1865年美国建设了第一条输油管道以耒,油气长输管道发展很快。据不完全统计,目前国外大型长输管道(指油气输送干线)的总长已超过185万公里,并且现在每年以4—5万公里的速度继续增长。世界最长的原油管道是苏、波、捷、匈、东德五国合建的“友谊”管道,其主线和复线的长度分别为4665公里和4412公里。世界最长的原油和成品油管网是美国和加拿大合建的埃德蒙顿——克雷底——纽约管道,全长8330公里。美国1977年在阿拉斯加建成的阿里埃斯加原油管 Compared with other transportation means such as railway, pipeline transportation is safe, economical, easy to operate, labor saving and easy to realize automation. Therefore, since the United States built the first oil pipeline in 1865, the long-distance oil and gas pipeline has developed rapidly. According to incomplete statistics, at present, the total length of large-scale long-distance pipelines (referring to oil and gas transmission routes) in foreign countries has exceeded 1.85 million kilometers and is now continuing to grow at a speed of 40,000 to 50,000 kilometers per year. The longest crude oil pipeline in the world is the “friendship” pipeline jointly set up by the five countries of Soviet Union, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary and East Germany. Its major and duplicate routes are respectively 4665 km and 4,412 km in length. The longest crude oil and refined product pipeline in the world is the Edmonton-Creed-New York pipeline, a joint venture of the United States and Canada, with a total length of 8,330 kilometers. Ariesga crude tube built by the United States in Alaska in 1977