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目的了解公主岭市不同学习阶段的学生对传染病知识的知晓情况及获取方式,为学校开展传染病健康教育提供依据。方法 2014年9~12月采用整群随机抽样的方法,对公主岭市5所学校的1 592名学生进行问卷调查。问卷采用《全国中小学校传染病管理状况及相关因素调查(学生用表)》。结果小学生、初中生、高中生均对流行性感冒的知晓率最高,分别为81.89%、88.74%、93.43%;对肺结核的知晓率最低,分别为21.59%、45.21%、55.05%。各个年级间各种传染病的知晓率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。小学生传染病知识的获取方式主要是医生(65.59%)、家长(64.09%)、老师(59.10%);初中生传染病知识的获取方式主要是老师(71.04%)、医生(68.18%)、家长(67.68%);高中生传染病知识获取方式主要是上网(69.53%)、家长(67.17%)、医生(67.00%)(P<0.01)。小学生获得传染病知识喜欢方式主要是观看电视节目(57.86%)、课题教学(39.90%)、多媒体录像(36.41%);初中生传染病知识获取方式主要是观看电视节目(57.74%)、网络新媒体(51.52%)、宣传折页(47.14%);高中生传染病知识获取方式主要是观看电视节目(59.60%)、网络新媒体(59.43%)、宣传折页(55.22%)。结论公主岭市不同学习阶段的学生传染病的知晓水平高低不等,获取方式与需求方式不同。
Objective To understand the knowledge and methods of knowledge about infectious diseases in different stages of learning in Gongzhuling City and provide the basis for the health education of infectious diseases in schools. Methods From September to December 2014, a cluster random sampling method was used to survey 1 592 students in 5 schools in Gongzhuling City. Questionnaire using “national primary and secondary school infectious disease management status and related factors survey (student form).” Results The prevalence rate of influenza among primary school students, middle school students and high school students was the highest (81.89%, 88.74%, 93.43%, respectively). The lowest awareness of TB was 21.59%, 45.21% and 55.05% respectively. There were significant differences in the awareness rate of various infectious diseases among all grades (P <0.05). Primary school students acquire knowledge of infectious diseases mainly by doctors (65.59%), parents (64.09%) and teachers (59.10%). Middle school students acquire knowledge of infectious diseases mainly by teachers (71.04%), doctors (68.18%), parents (67.68%). Knowledge acquisition of infectious diseases among senior high school students was mainly on the Internet (69.53%), parents (67.17%) and doctors (67.00%) (P <0.01). Primary school students get the knowledge of infectious diseases like watching TV programs (57.86%), teaching subjects (39.90%), multimedia videos (36.41%); junior high students access to knowledge of infectious diseases is mainly watching television programs (57.74% Media (51.52%), publicity leaflets (47.14%); Knowledge of senior high school students acquiring infectious diseases was mainly watching TV programs (59.60%), online new media (59.43%) and publicity leaflets (55.22%). Conclusions The level of awareness of infectious diseases of students at different stages of learning in Gongzhuling varies with the way of obtaining and the demand.