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目的分析南京市鼓楼区1999~2004年麻疹流行病学特征,提出控制麻疹策略。方法采用描述流行病学的方法,运用SPSS 11.0软件进行分析、评价。结果南京市鼓楼区1999~2004年共报告麻疹205例,常住人口年平均发病率为4.70/10万。常住人口发病以成人为主,≥18岁病例数占常住人口总病例数的77.99%;而流动人口以小年龄段为主,<10岁病例数占流动人口总病例数的71.74%。中学生和散居儿童病例分别占44.88%、17.07%。病例中有免疫史的占15.61%,无免疫史的占19.51%,免疫史不详的占64.88%。麻疹发病高峰在3~6月。结论人口频繁流动和免疫空白及免疫失败人群的自然积累是麻疹发病的主要原因。高覆盖率的常规免疫结合强化免疫活动和有效的疾病监测系统是控制麻疹的策略。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Gulou district of Nanjing from 1999 to 2004 and put forward the measles control strategy. Methods Describe the epidemiological methods, the use of SPSS 11.0 software for analysis and evaluation. Results A total of 205 measles cases were reported in Gulou District of Nanjing from 1999 to 2004, with an average annual incidence of resident population of 4.70 / 100,000. The incidence of resident population is mainly of adults, and the number of cases ≥18 accounts for 77.99% of the total number of resident population. The floating population is mainly of small age, and the number of cases of <10 years old accounts for 71.74% of the total number of floating population. The cases of middle school students and diaspora accounted for 44.88% and 17.07% respectively. Cases of immunization history accounted for 15.61%, no history of immunization accounted for 19.51%, unknown history of immunization accounted for 64.88%. The peak incidence of measles in 3 to 6 months. Conclusion The frequent population movement, immunization blanket and the natural accumulation of immunocompromised population are the main causes of measles. Routine immunization with high coverage combined with intensive immunization activities and an effective disease surveillance system is a measles control strategy.