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(一)教学中的形式主义中学化学教学的主要任务之一是使学生自觉地掌握巩固的系统的化学基础知识。所谓“自觉地”即意味着学生的知识应该不是形式主义的。不可否认,学生的知识质量是和教师的教学过程有密切关系的,因而学生知识中的缺陷与克服办法可以从教师领导学生的认识过程的特点中得到理解与解决。(1)在传授知识过程中的形式主义大家知道,人类的认识是由感性知觉开始,经过思维进入理性认识,然后再回到实践中去。这样,人类通过实践发现真理,又通过实践证实真理和发展真理,这样,从实践—认识—再实践—再认识,人类的认识越来越深入。学生学习化学的过程也有同样的一般规律性。由于化学是一门以实验为根据的科学,因此在引导学生
(A) of the formalism in teaching High school chemistry teaching one of the main tasks is to enable students to consciously grasp the consolidation of the basic chemical knowledge. The so-called “consciously” means that students’ knowledge should not be formalistic. It is undeniable that the quality of students ’knowledge is closely related to the teaching process of teachers. Therefore, the defects and ways to overcome the students’ knowledge can be understood and solved from the characteristics of the process of teachers ’leading students’ cognition. (1) Formalism in the process of imparting knowledge We all know that human cognition begins with perceptual awareness, enters into rational understanding through thinking, and then returns to practice. In this way, human beings discover the truth through practice, prove the truth and develop the truth through practice. In this way, from practice-cognition-re-practice-re-cognition, human’s cognition deepens. The process of students learning chemistry also have the same general rules. Because chemistry is an experimental science, it guides students