难治和复发是导致急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)治疗失败的根本原因,提高难治和复发ALL的疗效无疑将改善ALL的预后。随着人们对ALL发生和发展的分子生物学机制认识的深入,针对发病机制中的关键或重要环节的靶向性治疗药物的应用,新的化疗药物及剂型的出现,化疗方案和造血干细胞移植? Refractory and relapsed are the root causes of the failure of treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Increasing the efficacy of refractory and relapsed ALL will undoubtedly improve the prognosis of ALL. With the deepening of people’s understanding of the molecular biological mechanism of occurrence and development of ALL, the application of targeted therapies in key or important aspects of pathogenesis, the emergence of new chemotherapy drugs and dosage forms, chemotherapy regimens and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ?