性别决定区Y框蛋白(SRY-related HMG-box,SOX)基因家族最早由Gubbay等在Y染色体缺失的小鼠内发现。该基因家族主要编码一组进化上高度保守、结构上与SRY/sry(哺乳动物性别决定基因)相关的核转录因子。其共同特点含有一个高度保守的高迁移率族蛋白盒(high mobility group box,HMG-box)DNA结合域,通过与靶基因G结构域特异结合,在调控胚胎及组织的发育,干细胞的多能性、增殖、保持不分化状态、细胞分裂和决定细胞命运等方面具有重要作用,且作为转录因子与多种肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。其中SOX2 Sex-determining region SRY-related HMG-box (SOX) gene family was first discovered by Gubbay et al in the Y chromosome deletion mice. This gene family mainly encodes a group of nuclear transcription factors that are evolutionarily highly conserved and structurally related to SRY / sry (mammalian sex determining genes). Their common feature contains a highly conserved high mobility group box (HMG-box) DNA-binding domain that, through specific binding to the G-domain of the target gene, regulates embryonic and tissue development, pluripotency of stem cells Sex, proliferation, maintain the status of undifferentiated cells, cell division and determine the fate of cells play an important role, and as a transcription factor and a variety of tumor occurrence and development are closely related. Which SOX2