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以紧凑型玉米品种先玉335为试材,在半干旱区研究种植密度对旱地玉米植株性状、产量性状、耗水量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,年(平水年)玉米拔节期株高在密度间没有差异,抽雄期株高随密度增加显著降低;2011年(丰水年)拔节期和抽雄期株高均随密度增加有明显增加趋势;穗位高随密度增加呈直线增加。平水年产量随密度增加先增加后显著减少,呈抛物线型,收获指数随密度增加呈明显直线下降趋势;丰水年产量随密度增加而增加,当密度增加至7.5万株/hm时,产量不再显著增加,收获指数随密度增加变化不大。不同密度生育期总耗水量相差不大,平水年密度间总耗水量极差值为4.1 mm丰水年总耗水量随密度增加呈增加趋势,极差值仅为17.8 mm播种-拔节期耗水量随密度增加呈明显增加趋势,其变异系数在整个生育期中最大。平水年玉米水分利用效率随密度增加先增加后降低,当种植密度为7.5万株/hm时达到最大值;丰水年适宜密度为7.5万株/hm其水分利用效率为26.7 kg/(hm·mm)。
A compact maize variety Xiangyu 335 was used as experimental material to study the effects of planting density on plant characters, yield traits, water consumption and water use efficiency of dry land maize in a semi-arid area. The results showed that there was no difference in plant density at jointing stage between years (average water year), and the plant height at tasseling stage was significantly decreased with the increase of planting density. The plant height at jointing and tasseling stage in 2011 (abundant water year) Trend; spike height increased linearly with increasing density. The annual yield of flat water increased first and then decreased significantly, showing a parabolic pattern. The harvest index decreased linearly with increasing density. The annual yield increased with the increase of density. When the density increased to 75,000 plants / hm, the yield was not Then increased significantly, the harvest index changed little with the increase of density. The total water consumption at different densities of growth period was similar, the total water consumption in the flat water year was 4.1 mm, and the total water consumption increased with the increasing of densities, the difference was only 17.8 mm. The water consumption at sowing-jointing stage With the density increased significantly increased trend, the coefficient of variation in the maximum growth period. The water use efficiency of maize increased first and then decreased with the increase of density, and reached the maximum when the planting density was 75,000 plants / hm. The optimum water density was 75,000 plants / hm and the water use efficiency was 26.7 kg / (hm · mm).