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红细胞生成素（ＥＰＯ）及其受体广泛分布在人类胎儿的各种组织细胞中，包括中枢神经系统及脑脊液中。推测ＥＰＯ协同其他生长因子在神经发育上起重要作用。缺氧或其他有害刺激时， ＥＰＯ可能作为一种神经保护因子而发挥其作用。
Erythropoietin (EPO) and its receptors are widely distributed in a variety of human fetal tissue cells, including the central nervous system and cerebrospinal fluid. It is speculated that EPO and other growth factors play an important role in neurodevelopment. EPO may play its role as a neuroprotective factor in hypoxia or other noxious stimuli.