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目的了解风疹发病现况,进一步做好控制风疹和先天性风疹综合征(CRS)工作。方法采用流行病学方法,对2000-2009年通过麻疹专报系统得到的风疹疫情资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2000-2009年烟台市风疹发病398例,年均报告发病率为0.61/10万,发病呈周期性流行,流行周期为4～5年,2002年和2006年是高峰年。每年4-5月为发病高峰月。2001-2005年以<15岁儿童为主,占66.67%,2006-2009年以15～24岁为主,占88.69%。82.41%的暴发疫情发生在学校,15.74%发生在企业。结论风疹流行强度上升,流行范围扩大。东、西部地区交替高发。局部暴发点影响全市的发病水平。实施风疹免疫策略后,发病向大年龄组人群推移,增加了育龄期妇女患风疹的危险性。应尽快完善育龄期风疹疫苗免疫策略,降低易感人群感染风疹的危险性,预防控制风疹暴发,减少CRS的发生。
Objective To understand the incidence of rubella and further improve the control of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Methods Epidemiological methods were used to describe the epidemiological data of rubella epidemic in China from 2000 to 2009. Results The incidence of rubella in Yantai from 2000 to 2009 was 398, with an average annual incidence of 0.61 per 100 000. The incidence was cyclical and the epidemic period was 4-5 years. The peak was in 2002 and 2006. April to May each year as the peak incidence month. From 2001 to 2005, children aged <15 accounted for 66.67%. From 2006 to 2009, they were 15-24 years old, accounting for 88.69%. 82.41% of outbreaks occurred in schools and 15.74% occurred in enterprises. Conclusion The epidemic intensity of rubella increased and the epidemic scope expanded. East and west alternately high incidence. Local outbreaks affect the city’s incidence. After the implementation of the rubella immunization strategy, the incidence has shifted to the older age group and increased the risk of rubella in women of childbearing age. As soon as possible, we should improve the immunization strategy of rubella vaccine of childbearing age, reduce the risk of rubella in susceptible population, prevent and control the outbreak of rubella and reduce the occurrence of CRS.