转基因作物问题事关粮食安全、人身安全和环境安全,已成为各国广泛关注议题。对于转基因作物,美国采用实质等同原则,认为除非能够证明转基因作物存在风险性,否则即认定其与传统作物在实质上是等同的,不存在风险性。美国“实质等同”原则使得我国很多学者认为美国对转基因作物管理很松,但实际情况并非如此,本文中笔者将深入研究美国农业部之法规,试图梳理美国转基因立法及其实践操作,澄清一些误解和迷思。 Genetically modified crops issues related to food security, personal safety and environmental safety has become a topic of widespread concern in all countries. In the case of genetically modified crops, the United States adopts the principle of substantive equivalence and believes that unless it can prove that the GM crops are at risk, they are deemed to be essentially equivalent to traditional crops with no risk. The principle of “Substantially Equivalent” in the United States has made many scholars in our country think that the United States is very loose on the management of genetically modified crops. However, the actual situation is not the case. In this article, I will study the laws and regulations of the U.S. Department of Agriculture in an in-depth manner and try to sort out the GMO legislation and practices in the United States to clarify Some misunderstandings and myths.