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金属的电解制取由铜的含氧矿物(孔雀綠、氧化铜及氧化亚铜等)制取铜的原理,在学校里很容易演示。在一含有10％硫酸溶液的烧杯中,投入研碎的矿粉,加热直至得到淡颜色的硫酸铜溶液。将所得溶液用过濾法使与沉淀分离,然后把溶液电解,铜即沉积于炭的阴电极上。由熔融鹽制取金属的原理,最好用电解氯化锌为例说明。为了熔化氯化锌,可应用容积30毫升的铁坩埚。演示实验时,可盛结晶氯化锌至坩埚的大约一半地方,放在酒精灯或煤气灯上加热,经2-3分鐘,氯化锌即熔融(t=313℃),继续加热,在熔融鹽中浸入两根
Electrolysis of metals The principle of making copper from oxygenated minerals of copper (malachite green, copper oxide, cuprous oxide, etc.) is easily demonstrated at school. In a beaker containing a 10% sulfuric acid solution, ground ground ore is charged and heated until a light colored copper sulfate solution is obtained. The resulting solution is separated from the precipitate by filtration and the solution is then electrolyzed. Copper is deposited on the carbon cathode. The principle of making molten metal from molten salt is best exemplified by electrolytic zinc chloride. In order to melt the zinc chloride, an iron crucible with a capacity of 30 ml can be used. Demonstration experiment, may contain crystalline zinc chloride to crucible about half of the place on the alcohol lamp or gas lamp heating, after 2-3 minutes, zinc chloride melting (t = 313 ℃), continue heating, the molten salt Immersed in two