作为学科的比较文学自19世纪形成以来,其研究方法大体上经历了三次转型,即影响研究、去政治化的审美研究和跨学科比较,以及后殖民研究(巴斯奈特37-47)。比较文学研究方法的每一次转型都回应了特定的历史脉络。影响研究回应了民族国家(在欧洲)确立的问题。在“二战”之后的反民族主义思潮(张隆溪12)中,美国学派的学者倡导一种“去政治化”(巴斯奈特39)的比较文学研究方法,其哲学背景是形式 As a disciplinary comparative literature, its method of research has generally undergone three transformations since its formation in the 19th century: impact studies, de-politicized aesthetic and interdisciplinary studies, and postcolonial studies (Bainnett 37-47). Each transformation of the comparative literature approach responds to a specific historical context. The impact study responds to the problems established by the nation states (in Europe). In anti-nationalist thinking (Zhang Longxi 12) after World War II, scholars of the American school advocate a comparative literary approach to politicization (Bathnett 39) whose philosophical background is formal