目的探讨3例肥厚性硬脑膜炎(hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis,HCP)的临床、病理及影像学特点。方法收集3例经病理检查确诊的HCP患者,分析其临床表现、病理和影像学。结果3例HCP患者均以头痛,颅神经麻痹和共济失调等为主要临床特点,增厚的硬膜在MRI的T1WI上表现为等信号或低信号,在T2WI上常表现为中央低信号边缘高信号,病理特征是硬膜的致密纤维化,慢性炎性细胞如淋巴细胞和浆细胞的浸润,可有肉芽肿样改变。结论HCP的MRI表现较具特异性,确诊依赖于硬脑膜病理学检查。 Objective To investigate the clinical, pathological and imaging features of 3 hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis (HCP). Methods Three HCP patients diagnosed by pathology were collected and analyzed for clinical manifestations, pathology and radiology. Results All the 3 HCP patients were characterized by headache, cranial nerve palsy and ataxia. Thick thickened hard tissue showed iso- or low-signal on MRI T1WI and central low-signal edge on T2WI High signal pathological features of dense fibrosis of the dura mater, chronic inflammatory cells such as infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells may have granuloma-like changes. Conclusion The MRI findings of HCP are more specific. The diagnosis depends on the pathological examination of dura.