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热液矿床的形成需要大量流体,而流体的运移需要包括地势差、岩石变形、热梯度及热异常等多种驱动力。这些流体驱动力与构造环境及过程有密切关系。流体压力状态和热场及地势差的组合决定了压性构造环境流体以向上运动为主,如造山型成矿系统,而张性构造环境流体以对流为主,如VMS和SEDEX成矿系统。造山作用造成的地势差及水平挤压作用所产生的超压可以驱动流体侧向迁移数百公里,如MVT成矿系统。但是,具体的成矿流体动力学过程比较复杂,且随构造演化而变化。在经历过多个大地构造演化阶段的地区,如地洼区,老的成矿流体动力系统不断被新的系统叠加或取代;新的构造单元需要来自地幔的流体源补充才有利于成矿。成矿学研究的是成矿作用与大地构造的关系,而流体动力学系统与大地构造环境密切相关,因此,成矿流体动力学应成为成矿学的一个重要组成部分。
The formation of hydrothermal deposits requires a large amount of fluid, and fluid migration needs to include various driving forces such as poor terrain, rock deformation, thermal gradients and thermal anomalies. These fluid driving forces are closely related to the tectonic environment and process. The combination of fluid pressure and thermal field and topography determines that upward pressure-dependent fluids are dominated by upward movement, such as orogenic metallogenic systems, while tropic structural fluid is predominantly convective, such as VMS and SEDEX metallogenic systems. Over-pressure caused by orogeny caused by orogeny and lateral extrusion can drive fluid lateral migration for hundreds of kilometers, such as MVT metallogenic system. However, the specific hydrodynamic processes of ore-forming fluids are complicated and vary with tectonic evolution. In areas that experienced multiple stages of tectonic evolution, such as Diwak, the older hydrodynamic systems of the ore-forming fluids are continually superimposed or replaced by new systems; the new tectonic units require fluid source replenishment from the mantle to be favorable for metallogenesis. Mineralogy studies the relationship between mineralization and tectonics, and fluid dynamics systems are closely related to the tectonic setting of the earth. Therefore, hydrodynamics of ore-forming fluids should become an important part of metallogeny.