词义的变化一般有词义的扩大、缩小和转移三种类型,俄语词义的变化以扩大和缩小为主。进入21世纪后这个主要趋势没有改变,但词义扩大的趋势更明显,在新的时期有新的表现,并且词义扩大所涵盖的词汇种类也最为丰富,尤以两大词类——名词、形容词最典型。本文即以此两大词类为分析对象,采用分析、归纳等方法,尝试揭示其词义扩大的具体表现及成因。 Changes in semantic meaning generally have three types of expansion, reduction and transfer of Russian word meaning to expand and narrow the main changes. After entering the 21st century, this main trend has not changed, but the tendency of the meaning expansion is more obvious. It has new performance in the new period, and the vocabulary types covered by the expanded meanings are also the most abundant, especially in the two major categories - nouns and adjectives typical. This article is based on the two major categories of the object of analysis, using analysis, induction and other methods, try to reveal the specific meaning of the expansion of its meaning and causes.