论文部分内容阅读
生物理念杀蚊幼剂主要包括微生物杀虫剂、昆虫生长调节剂和植物源杀虫剂。微生物杀虫剂中除了传统的苏云金杆菌以色列亚种(Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis de Bajac,B.t.i.)和球形芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sphaericus Neide)外,近年来刺糖多孢菌(Saccharopolyspora spinosa Mertz and Yao)的研究、开发和应用也取得了长足的进展。就昆虫生长调节剂而言,保幼激素类似物烯虫酯(methoperene)在公共卫生害虫治理上的应用日趋广泛。吡丙醚(pyriproxyfen)作为现今已知的最为有效的生物理念杀蚊幼剂将会越来越受到重视。在几丁质合成抑制剂中,传统的除虫脲(diflubenzuron)和新近开发的氟酰脲(novaluron)将在未来蚊虫控制上起到独特的作用。基于苦楝素(azadirachtin)的植物杀虫剂可望从印度及其他国家的村落文化走向现代化的害虫综合治理。生物理念杀虫剂因其具有相对靶生物特异性以及环境保护价值越来越受到青睐。笔者从学术研究、技术开发及现场应用的角度简短回顾了这些杀幼剂的历史、总结和分析了现状,并预测了在中国和其他发展中国家的开发应用前景。
Biological concept kill mosquito agents mainly include microbial pesticides, insect growth regulators and plant-based pesticides. In addition to the traditional Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis de Bajac (Bti) and Bacillus sphaericus Neide, the research on Saccharopolyspora spinosa Mertz and Yao in microbial insecticides has been carried out in recent years. Great progress has also been made in the development and application. In the case of insect growth regulators, the use of the juvenile hormone analogue methoperene in the control of public health pests is becoming more widespread. As the most effective biological concept of mosquito-killing agents known today, pyriproxyfen will be paid more and more attention. In chitin synthesis inhibitors, traditional diflubenzuron and the newly developed novaluron will play a unique role in future mosquito control. Azadirachtin-based plant insecticides are expected to move from a village culture in India and other countries to modern pest management. Bio-concept Insecticides are gaining popularity due to their relative biological specificity and environmental protection. The author briefly reviews the history of these juveniles from the perspectives of academic research, technology development and field application, summarizes and analyzes the status quo and forecasts the prospects of development and application in China and other developing countries.