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能源在国民经济中的地位人们常说:“煤炭是工业的粮食,石油是工业的血液,能源是工业的维生素。”这句话形象生动地说明了能源在发展国民经济中的重要作用。众所周知,在人类社会的发展长河中,能源革命往往表现为生产力革命的前奏和动力。每一次重大的能源变革都孕育着对世界经济巨大而深远的影响,标志着人类社会进入了一个新纪元。譬如,第一次由煤取代薪柴的能源变革,促进了蒸汽动力和电能的应用,揭开了工业革命的序幕。第二次由煤转变为石油和天然气的能源革命,迎来了世界经济迅速发展的年代,一大批国家进入了高度工业化行列,人类的物质文明和许多发展中国家的落后面貌也迅速改观。目前开始的,由于常规矿物燃料(石油、天然气等)日渐枯竭而引起的、向以再生能源和核能为主的能源系统过渡的第三次能源变革,也必将对世界经济和人类社会产生前所未有的影响,出现生产技术的新飞跃。
The position of energy in the national economy People often say: “Coal is the grain of industry, the oil is the blood of industry, and the energy is the vitamins of industry.” This vividly illustrates the important role of energy in developing the national economy. As we all know, in the long process of development of human society, the energy revolution often manifests itself as the prelude and motive force of the productive forces revolution. Every major energy change has brought forth tremendous and far-reaching impact on the world economy, marking a new era for human society. For example, the first energy change to replace firewood with coal promoted the application of steam power and electricity and opened the prelude to the industrial revolution. The second energy revolution from coal to oil and natural gas usher in the era of rapid economic development in the world. A large number of countries have entered a highly industrialized ranks. The material civilization of mankind and the backwardness of many developing countries have also rapidly changed. At present, the third energy change to the energy system based on renewable energy and nuclear energy, which is caused by the depletion of conventional fossil fuels (petroleum and natural gas, etc.), will also have an unprecedented impact on the world economy and human society The impact of the emergence of a new leap in production technology.