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估算是根据基本的算理及日常生活、生产中的知识与经验对事物的数量或算式的结果作出的猜测与判断,以求出符合实际又接近于准确的结果。由于估算对于训练小学生有根有据的思维与符合事理的推测所起的作用,所以在义务教育小学数学教学大纲中对估算的要求有所提高,明确提出要“学习一些最简单的估算”。在小学数学教学中常用的估算方法有以下几种: 一、数位估算法根据位值原则及积商的定位规律(积的位数等于两因数位数之和,或比这个和少1;商的位数等于被除数的位数减去除数的位数所得的差,或比这个差多1)等法则来进行估算。
Estimation is based on basic calculations and daily life, production of knowledge and experience on the number of things or the result of the formula to make the guess and judge in order to find realistic and close to the accurate results. Due to the role of estimation in educating pupils with well-founded thinking and ingenuity, the estimation requirements in the compulsory primary school mathematics syllabus have been raised. It is clearly stated that “some simplest estimates should be learned.” In elementary mathematics teaching commonly used methods of estimation are the following: First, the number of estimates based on the principle of bit value and the positioning of the rules of the product (the product of the number of digits equal to the sum of the two factors or less than this sum 1; The number of digits equal to the number of digits of the dividend minus the number of divisor digits, or more than the difference of 1) and other rules to estimate.