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目的:分析我国1990年与2016年人群碘缺乏病疾病负担及其变化情况。方法:基于2016年全球疾病负担研究（GBD 2016）数据，采用描述性统计方法比较分析我国1990年与2016年碘缺乏病人群死亡数、死亡率、伤残调整寿命年[DALY，包括生命损失寿命年（YLL）、伤残损失寿命年（YLD）]及DALY率等疾病负担指标的变化情况。结果:GBD 2016数据显示，我国碘缺乏病估算死亡数由1990年的259.31例下降至2016年的116.41例，死亡率由1990年的0.022 827/10万下降至2016年的0.008 515/10万；且不同年龄组死亡率均有所下降，其中< 5岁组儿童死亡率由0.088 639/10万下降到0.009 875/10万。我国碘缺乏病DALY和YLD分别由1990年的406.13千人年和391.68千人年上升至2016年的455.05千人年和451.95千人年，YLL由14.45千人年下降至3.10千人年；DALY率、YLL率及YLD率分别从1990年的35.75人年/10万、1.27人年/10万、34.48人年/10万下降至2016年的33.29人年/10万、0.23人年/10万、33.06人年/10万。碘缺乏病DALY的主要组成部分为YLD，且比例由1990年的96.44%上升至2016年的99.32%。结论:我国碘缺乏病死亡率有所下降，低年龄组碘缺乏病得到有效控制；但疾病负担尤其是伤残引起的疾病负担加重，应重点关注碘缺乏病导致的人群伤残情况。“,”Objective:To analyze the disease burden of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) and its changes in China in 1990 and 2016.Methods:Based on the data of Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (GBD 2016), a descriptive statistical method was used to compare and analyze the changes of deaths number, mortality, disability adjusted life year [DALY, including years of life lost (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD)], DALY rate and other disease burden indicators caused by IDD in China in 1990 and 2016.Results:The GBD 2016 data showed that the deaths number from IDD in China decreased from 259.31 in 1990 to 116.41 in 2016, the mortality decreased from 0.022 827/100 000 in 1990 to 0.008 515/100 000 in 2016; and the mortality in different age groups had decreased, the children mortality in the < 5 years old group had decreased from 0.088 639/100 000 to 0.009 875/100 000. The DALY and YLD due to IDD in China increased from 406.13 thousand person-years and 391.68 thousand person-years in 1990 to 455.05 thousand person-years and 451.95 thousand person-years in 2016, while YLL decreased from 14.45 thousand person-years to 3.10 thousand person-years; the DALY rate, YLL rate, and YLD rate decreased from 35.75 person-years per 100 000, 1.27 person-years per 100 000 and 34.48 person-years per 100 000 in 1990 to 33.29 person-years per 100 000, 0.23 person-years per 100 000 and 33.06 person-years per 100 000 in 2016. The main component of DALY for IDD was YLD, and the proportion increased from 96.44% in 1990 to 99.32% in 2016.Conclusions:The mortality of IDD in China has decreased, and IDD in the younger age group has been effectively controlled; however, the disease burden, especially the burden caused by disability has increased, and the disability of the population due to IDD should be given special attention.