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尼古丁是自主神经节、骨骼肌的神经肌肉接头上尼古丁受体的激动剂;有时又具拮抗剂效应。因而,尼古丁对心血管系统的影响,取决于剂量和给药途径。尼古丁廓清率为每分钟1300ml,分布容积180L,终末半衰期2小时。一般认为,静注尼古丁的临床效应要比半衰期短得多(非终末半衰期)。激素效应尼古丁的激素效应与心血管系统有重要关系。吸烟或静注尼古丁后,血浆加压素、促肾上腺皮质激素、促胃液素等增加;但血浆皮质醇、脑啡肽、肾素活性等无明
Nicotine is an agonist of nicotine receptors on autonomic ganglia, neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscle; sometimes antagonist effects. Thus, the effects of nicotine on the cardiovascular system depend on the dosage and route of administration. Nicotine clearance rate of 1300ml per minute, the distribution volume of 180L, the terminal half-life of 2 hours. It is generally believed that the clinical effect of intravenous nicotine is much shorter than the half-life (non-terminal half-life). Hormone effect Nicotine hormone effect and cardiovascular system have an important relationship. After smoking or intravenous nicotine, plasma vasopressin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, gastrin and other increased; but plasma cortisol, enkephalin, renin activity and other non-Ming