19世纪七八十年代,中国先后发生了中俄伊犁危机和中法战争,张之洞通过对该期间中外重大交涉事件的特别关注和实践,初步形成了自己的外交策略理论和思想.其一是联日御俄,二是“守在四夷”,二者均属于“以小制大”型的以夷制夷. In the seventies and eighties of the 18th century, the crisis of Sino-Russian Ili and the Sino-French War successively took place in China. Zhang Zhidong initially formed his own theory and ideology of diplomatic strategy through his special attention and practice in major diplomatic events both at home and abroad in that period. It is a Russian imperialism on the same date and the other is “keeping one’s grip on Siyi”. Both of them belong to the “small size” type of system.