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“真空”这一术语是物理学家在很久以前定义的,但是工程师们将真空度分为以下几个标准:在技术应用中,对真空估算和测定非常重要。当测定真空时。对真空的不同定义和计量单位必须考虑。(1)超高真空:压力范围小于10~(-7)mbar。应用:金属以微粒状态散射,气相淀积和电子束熔炼,可控热核聚变研究,大型同步质子加速器等。(2)高真空:压力范围为10~(-7)mbar～10~(-3)mbar。应用:稀有金属及超纯金属的真空熔炼和电子管生产,真空镀膜,离子注入等。(3)中高真空:压力范围为10~(-3)mbar～1mbar应用:钢水真空脱气,白炽灯的生产制造,食品的冷冻干燥,合成树脂的烘干等。
The term “vacuum” was defined by physicists a long time ago, but engineers categorized the degree of vacuum as follows: In technical applications, it is important for vacuum estimation and determination. When measuring the vacuum. Different definitions of vacuum and units of measurement must be considered. (1) Ultra-high vacuum: the pressure range is less than 10 ~ (-7) mbar. Applications: Particle scattering of metals, vapor deposition and electron beam melting, controlled thermonuclear fusion studies, large synchronous proton accelerators and more. (2) high vacuum: the pressure range is 10 ~ (-7) mbar ~ 10 ~ (-3) mbar. Applications: Vacuum smelting and tube production of rare metals and ultrapure metals, vacuum coating, ion implantation and more. (3) Medium and high vacuum: pressure range of 10 ~ (-3) mbar ~ 1mbar Applications: vacuum degassing of molten steel, incandescent lamp manufacturing, food freeze-drying, synthetic resin drying.