一、引言机械零部件中存在的残余应力是大家关心的问题。例如大型铸、焊零部件在热处理和焊接过程中常常发生自行开裂,这是因为这些工艺过程中产生了很大的残余应力;有些机械零部件在机械加工中引入了很大的残余应力,它和工作应力的叠加,造成了零部件的早期失效。反之,也有采取某种工艺措施,造成残余压应力,(如喷丸、辗压、冲边等措施)增加它们的抗疲劳能力。因此弄清楚机械零部件中存在的残余应力对机械零部件设计是极为重要 I. INTRODUCTION Residual stress in mechanical components is a matter of concern. For example, large cast and welded parts often self-crack during heat treatment and welding because of the large residual stresses that occur in these processes; some mechanical parts introduce significant residual stresses in machining And work stress superimposed, resulting in the early failure of parts. On the other hand, some technological measures have also been taken to cause residual compressive stress (such as shot peening, rolling and edge punching) to increase their anti-fatigue ability. So figuring out the residual stresses present in mechanical components is extremely important for the design of mechanical components