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目的分析2009-2015年开封市登记的学生肺结核疫情特征,为制订有效防控措施提供依据。方法从“结核病管理信息系统”中导出2009-2015年开封市登记的学生结核病报告资料,进行统计分析。结果2009-2015年学生肺结核年均报告发病率12.53/10万,占全市肺结核病例总数的4.30%,2015年学生肺结核报告发病率较2009年下降了44.46%。患者以转诊和因症就诊方式发现较多,分别占46.76%和29.96%。发病年龄在16~22岁之间的占71.05%,并以19岁为中心呈现正态分布。诊断分型以继发性肺结核和结核性胸膜炎为主,分别占79.25%和18.32%。学生患者涂阳比例为23.79%,结核性胸膜炎占17.51%。发病月份以4月最多。学生出现肺结核可疑症状后及时就诊的仅占49.56%,超过1个月就诊的占34.66%。结论开封市学生肺结核报告发病率总体呈下降趋势,疫情呈现出涂阳比例偏低,结核性胸膜炎比例偏高的特点。发病集中在高中和大学阶段,可疑症状者及时就诊率不足50.00%,建议加强学校结核病健康教育,减少就诊延误时间,避免出现学校聚集性疫情。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among students registered in Kaifeng from 2009 to 2015, and provide evidence for effective prevention and control measures. Methods From 2009 to 2015, TB report data of students registered in Kaifeng city were derived from “Tuberculosis Management Information System” and analyzed statistically. Results The average annual incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in 2009-2015 was 12.53 / 100,000, accounting for 4.30% of the total number of TB cases in the city. The incidence of tuberculosis in students in 2015 was 44.46% lower than that of 2009. Patients referral and symptomatic treatment were found more, accounting for 46.76% and 29.96%. The age of onset in the 16 to 22 years old accounted for 71.05%, and 19-year-old as the center showed a normal distribution. Diagnostic classification of secondary tuberculosis and tuberculous pleurisy, accounting for 79.25% and 18.32%. Student smear positive rate was 23.79%, tuberculous pleurisy accounted for 17.51%. The onset of the month in April up. Only 49.56% of the students were treated promptly after the suspicious symptoms of tuberculosis and 34.66% of the patients were treated more than one month. Conclusion The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Kaifeng students generally shows a decreasing trend. The outbreak shows a low proportion of smear positive and high proportion of tuberculous pleurisy. The incidence concentrated in high school and university stage, timely diagnosis of suspicious symptoms less than 50.00%, it is recommended to strengthen the health education of tuberculosis in schools to reduce treatment delays, to avoid the school gathering epidemic.