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目的了解天津市农村老年人群认知功能下降的检出情况和影响因素,为预防老年痴呆的发生提供参考。方法于2012年7-9月,采用随机整群抽样的方法,选取天津市蓟县某镇60岁及以上的1 247名老年人进行问卷调查(包括人口学信息和病史)和体格检查(身高、体重和血压),并进行简易精神状态评价量表(MMSE量表)测试。结果调查对象MMSE量表平均得分为(20.74±5.25)分,男性为(22.42±4.48)分,女性为(19.29±5.43)分;认知功能下降检出率为32.5%,女性检出率(38.2%)明显高于男性(25.7%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=22.095,P<0.01)。随着年龄的增长,老年人认知功能下降检出率随之升高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=115.712,P<0.01);随着受教育程度的升高,老年人认知功能下降的检出率逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义(χ2=58.659,P<0.01)。高血压、糖尿病、心绞痛、心肌梗死及肥胖对老年人认知功能下降的影响无统计学意义(P>0.05)。根据受教育年限分层,文盲组的认知功能下降检出率为53.6%,不同性别人群的检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);受教育年限1~6年组的认知功能下降检出率为23.2%,女性检出率(27.2%)明显高于男性(20.0%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.101,P<0.05);受教育年限≥7年组的认知功能下降检出率为28.1%,男性检出率(33.3%)高于女性(15.5%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.421,P<0.05)。结论农村老年人群认知功能下降检出率较高,随着年龄的增长,认知能力逐渐下降,且与教育水平和性别相关。
Objective To understand the detection and influencing factors of decline of cognitive function in the elderly in rural areas of Tianjin and provide reference for preventing the occurrence of senile dementia. Methods From July to September in 2012, a random cluster sampling method was used to select 1 247 seniors aged 60 years and older from a town in Jixian County, Tianjin for questionnaire survey (including demographic information and medical history) and physical examination (height, Weight and blood pressure), and the Mini-Mental State Evaluation Scale (MMSE Scale) test. Results The average score of MMSE was (20.74 ± 5.25) points in men and women (22.42 ± 4.48) points and 19.29 ± 5.43 points in women respectively. The detection rate of cognitive decline was 32.5% 38.2%) was significantly higher than males (25.7%), the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 22.095, P <0.01). With the increase of age, the detection rate of cognitive decline in the elderly increased with the difference being statistically significant (χ2 = 115.712, P <0.01). With the increase of education level, the cognitive function of the elderly decreased The detection rate gradually decreased, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 58.659, P <0.01). Hypertension, diabetes, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and obesity had no significant effect on cognitive decline in the elderly (P> 0.05). According to the stratified years of education, the detection rate of decline of cognitive function in illiterate group was 53.6%, and there was no significant difference in the detection rate among different sex groups (P> 0.05). The cognition The detection rate of functional decline was 23.2%, the detection rate of female was 27.2%, significantly higher than that of male (20.0%), the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 5.101, P <0.05); The detection rate of cognitive decline was 28.1%, and the detection rate of male (33.3%) was higher than that of female (15.5%). The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 6.421, P <0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of decline of cognitive function in rural elderly population is higher. With the increase of age, cognitive ability declines gradually and is related to educational level and gender.