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文章首先区分了物理主义与自然主义,强调前者是一个形而上学命题,后者是一个认识论命题。对于物理主义的两大论证,方法论自然主义论证和因果闭合性论证,文章指出了其中的缺陷。方法论自然主义论证暗含了朴素的科学实在论,而因果闭合性论证混淆了封闭系统与开放系统的本质区别。这两个论证的失效,表明物理主义无论是作为关于整个世界的形而上学,还是仅仅作为关于心灵的形而上学,都面临严重的困难。文章最后提出,科学与形而上学之间应该是一种盟友的关系,而不应该是一种依附关系。
The article first distinguishes physicalism from naturalism, emphasizing that the former is a metaphysical proposition and the latter is an epistemological proposition. As for the two arguments of physicalism, the methodological naturalism and causal closure, the article points out the defects therein. Methodological naturalistic argument implies a naive scientific realism, while causality closed argumentation confuses the essential difference between a closed system and an open system. The failure of these two arguments shows that physicalism faces grave difficulties both as metaphysics about the entire world and as mere metaphysics about the soul. The article concludes that the relationship between science and metaphysics should be an ally rather than an attachment.