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美国阅读专家G·R·施道弗在《阅读——一个思维的过程》一书中指出:“在极大多数情况下,阅读时用眼睛移动仅占时间的5%,其余95%的时间则用于思维.”可见,阅读重在考查思维能力,即对复杂的语言信息的接受和处理能力.因此,在解答阅读题时,考生不可避兔地要出现各种错误,其原因既有智能因素,也有心理因素.这里从心理因素方面略作分析.一、分辨性错误.这是由于相近概念的干扰造成的.考生在感知信息时,有些题目迷惑性大,分辨度小,会使考生产生错觉.例如1994年新高考语文试题第24题:文中“两者之间的联系”指的是A.由盘龙类、兽孔类化石中分析出的相关状况B.从盘龙类、兽孔类中发现的动物进化规律C.腭孔、颞孔、颅骨的形状,牙齿的数量以及着生位置D.四角龙与盘龙类、兽孔类之间的区别和变化题干明确指出是“两者”,可命题者有意在选项中把本来是多种事物的语句改头换面混为似是而作的“两者”,提高了干扰性.解答时,考生首先得确定“两者”的指代意义,再结合材料,形成数量上的判断,从而增强认定的清晰度.先排除涉及不只“两者”的C、D,比较A、B,其微殊处仅在于有无“化石”二字,由于洛林研究的是“盘龙类和兽孔类动物化石”,显然只有A正确.可见,如果考生缺乏抗干扰能力,不细心分辨,盲目确定选项,就会导致?
The American reading expert G.R. Schiffer pointed out in the book Reading - A Thinking Process: “In the vast majority of cases, reading with the eye takes only 5% of the time, and the remaining 95% of the time It is used for thinking.” It can be seen that reading focuses on the ability to examine thinking, that is, the ability to accept and process complex language information. Therefore, when answering a reading question, candidates must make mistakes. It is due to intelligence. Factors, but also psychological factors. Here is a slight analysis of the psychological factors. First, the resolving error. This is caused by the interference of similar concepts. Candidates in the perception of information, some topics confusing, small resolution, will make candidates There is an illusion. For example, in the 1994 new test of college entrance exams, Question 24: In the text, “the connection between the two” refers to A. The related status of the fossils in the Panlong and the beetholes. B. From Panlong, The evolutionary rules of animals found in the beast hole class C. The shape of boreholes, boreholes, and skulls, the number of teeth, and the position of attachment D. Differences and changes between the four-horned dragons and the dragons and beast holes Is “both,” and the propositioner intends to put this in the options It is the “two” of the statement of many things that is mixed and changed, and the interference is improved. When answering, the candidate must first determine the reference meaning of “both” and combine the materials to form a quantitative judgment. In order to enhance the clarity of the determination, we first exclude C and D that involve more than “both,” and compare A and B. The only difference lies in the presence or absence of the word “fossil,” because Lorraine studied “Animal hole animal fossils”, apparently only A correct. Visible, if the candidate lacks anti-jamming ability, do not carefully distinguish, blindly determine the options, will lead to?