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RNA干扰 (RNAi)是一种新发现的通过 ds RNA介导的特异同源靶基因沉默途径。 RNAi主要包括两个步骤 :RNase 样核酸酶切割 ds RNA而生成 2 1- 2 3nt的 si RNA和 si RNA引导 RNA诱导的沉默复合体 (RISC)降解同源性靶基因 m RNA。在某些生物体中 RNAi具有放大效应。通过将 - 2 1nt si RNA导入哺乳动物细胞的 RNAi技术不仅可避免非特异干扰素反应 ,更重要的是还可介导序列特异的基因沉默。最近将 RNAi应用于许多病毒性疾病的治疗研究均取得了显著的基因沉默效果 ,预示 RNAi有望成为一种预防、治疗病毒性疾病的新手段。
RNA interference (RNAi) is a newly discovered pathway of specific homologous target gene silencing mediated by dsRNA. RNAi mainly consists of two steps: cleavage of dsRNA by RNase-like nucleases generates 2-11 nt RNAs and si RNAs directs RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to degrade homologous target gene m RNA. In some organisms RNAi has an amplification effect. The RNAi technology that introduces - 2 1nt si RNA into mammalian cells not only avoids non-specific interferon responses, but more importantly, it also mediates sequence-specific gene silencing. Recently, the application of RNAi in the treatment of many viral diseases have achieved significant gene silencing effect, indicating RNAi is expected to become a new means of prevention and treatment of viral diseases.