1976年由Bartllet首次报道体外膜肺 (ECMO)应用于新生儿呼吸衰竭 ,经过 2 0余年研究与临床应用 ,目前已成功地应用于体外呼吸支持和 (或 )循环支持 ,在小儿已成为新生儿顽固性呼吸衰竭的标准治疗方法 ,近年来 ,随小儿心脏外科发展 ,ECMO用于小儿心脏手术前后心肺功能及心脏移植 It was first reported by Bartllet in 1976 that ECMO is applied to neonatal respiratory failure. After more than 20 years of research and clinical application, ECMO has been successfully applied to respiratory support and / or circulatory support in vitro and has become a newborn in infants Standard treatment of refractory respiratory failure, in recent years, with the development of pediatric cardiac surgery, ECMO for heart and lung function before and after pediatric cardiac surgery and heart transplantation