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蒸气机车作为铁路运输的牵引动力已有近200年的历史。虽然人们对其不断地加以改进完善,但如何有效地利用蒸气的能量,并未得到理想的解决。蒸气机车的效率仍然很低,只有7％左右,这对能源是个很大的浪费。另一方面,蒸气机车可用煤作燃料,并且造价低廉,目前乃至相当长时期内仍是我国铁路运输的主要牵引动力。因此,提高蒸气机车的效率对于节约能源具有重要的现实意义。利用空气冷凝器回收机车乏汽余能,可以提高蒸气机车的效率、收到节约能源的效果。
Steam locomotive as the traction power of rail transport for nearly 200 years of history. Although people constantly improve and perfect it, how to use steam energy effectively has not been solved ideally. The efficiency of steam locomotive is still very low, only about 7%, which is a great waste of energy. On the other hand, steam locomotive coal as fuel, and low cost, at present and for a long period of time is still the main traction of China’s rail transport. Therefore, improving the efficiency of steam locomotive has important practical significance for energy conservation. The use of air condensers to recover locomotives without steam can improve the efficiency of steam locomotives and save energy.