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紧急状态,是指突发性的现实危机或者预期可能发生的危机,在较大空间范围或者较长时间内威胁到公民生命、健康、财产安全,影响国家政权机关正常行使权力,必须采取特殊的应急措施才能恢复正常秩序的特殊状态。导致出现紧急状态的因素主要包括严重自然灾害、重大人为事故、突发公共卫生事件、社会动乱、恐怖事件等。为了依法及时有效应对各种重大突发事件,十届全国人大二次会议通过的宪法修正案确立了紧急状态制度,这是具有重大意义的。
A state of emergency refers to a sudden real crisis or a predicted crisis that may occur. It threatens citizens’ life, health and property safety in a large space or over a long period of time and affects the normal exercise of power by organs of state power. It must take a special Emergency measures to restore normal order of the special state. The factors leading to emergencies mainly include serious natural disasters, major human accidents, public health emergencies, social unrest and terrorist incidents. In order to promptly and effectively deal with all kinds of major emergencies in a timely and effective manner, the constitutional amendment passed at the Second Session of the Tenth National People’s Congress has established a state of emergency system. This is of great significance.