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机床的热变形主要影响机床的几何精度和工作精度。热变形对精密机床和高精度精密机床产生的影响就更大,因为这类机床的加工精度要求很高,热膨胀后的位移会大大超过机床的原始精度允差而达不到加工精度要求。据国际生产研究学会主席 J.Peklenir教授的调查分析,在精密加工中因热变形引起的制造误差约占总制造误差的40～70%。
Thermal deformation of the machine tool mainly affects the geometric accuracy and work accuracy. Thermal deformation of precision machine tools and high-precision precision machine tools have a greater impact, because these machines require high precision machining, thermal expansion displacement will greatly exceed the tolerance of the original machine precision and reach the processing accuracy requirements. According to Professor J.Peklenir, president of Institute of International Production and Research, the manufacturing error due to thermal deformation in precision machining accounts for about 40-70% of the total manufacturing error.