噬菌体是在微生物细胞上营寄生生活的一种病毒,所有细菌都有被噬菌体寄生的现象,甚至在放线菌的培养过程中也发现了噬菌体。目前,还未发现在真菌、酵母菌、原生动物和低等藻类上有噬菌体的存在。噬菌体在细菌细胞体上寄生以后,引起细胞的溶解,这在细菌的液体培养中表现由混浊变为澄清,在固体培养时,平板上表现有透明的溶菌斑(又称无菌斑或负性菌落)。每一个溶菌斑是由一个噬菌体的颗粒寄生细胞后形成的。利用噬菌体进行病害的防治方面,收获 Bacteriophages are viruses that parasitize living on microbial cells. All bacteria are parasitized by bacteriophages and bacteriophages are found even during cultivation of actinomycetes. So far, no phages have been found in fungi, yeasts, protozoa and lower algae. Bacteriophages cause cell lysis after parasitization on the bacterial cell body, which manifests from turbidity to clarification in bacterial liquid culture and transparent plaque (also known as plaque or negative plaque on solid plates) Colony). Each plaque is formed by a phage granulosa cell. The use of phage for disease prevention and control, harvest