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目的了解接触锰对电焊作业工人健康的影响。方法北京市某区对18家企业的电焊作业进行现场调查并对34个作业点空气中锰浓度进行检测,对504名电焊工(接触组)和510名不接触锰的工人(对照组)进行职业健康检查。结果检查阳性结果主要包括神经衰弱综合征、跟腱反射减弱、高血压、血常规异常、尿常规异常、ALT活力增高、心电图异常,接触组和对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。作业工龄<5a和≥5a的电焊作业工人,高血压、ALT活力增高的阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他各项指标的阳性检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论接触低浓度锰对电焊工的职业健康危害是轻微的,但仍应加强防护措施,尤其是要控制作业场所空气中锰浓度的短时间波动。
Objective To understand the impact of exposure to manganese on the health of workers exposed to electric welding. Methods A field survey was conducted in 18 enterprises in a certain area of Beijing and the manganese concentrations in the air at 34 sites were examined. 504 welders (contact group) and 510 non-manganese workers (control group) Occupational health examination. Results Positive results include neurasthenic syndrome, weakened Achilles tendon reflexes, hypertension, abnormalities in blood, abnormal urinalysis, increased ALT activity, and abnormal electrocardiogram. There was no significant difference between the exposure group and the control group (P> 0.05 ). The positive detection rates of workers with working age <5a and ≥5a were higher than that of workers with high blood pressure and ALT (P <0.05), and there was no significant difference among the other indexes (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Exposure to low concentrations of manganese poses minor risks to occupational health hazard for welders, but protective measures should be strengthened, especially for short-term fluctuations in the concentration of manganese in the workplace air.