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本研究以6个不同地理种群的蒙古沙冬青为试验材料,从16条UBC引物中筛选出9条合适的ISSR引物,并对ISSR扩增反应体系及扩增程序进行优化,9个引物扩增出218个条带,多态性条带占73％.试验结果表明石碳沟种群的Nei's多样性指数、Shannon's信息指数均为6个地理种群中最高,而千里沟的则为最低.这表明蒙古沙冬青的遗传多样性与不同地区的生境条件有很大的关系;6个种群的基因流(Nm)为1.773＞1,表明在6个蒙古沙冬青种群间存在基因流,从而阻碍了由遗传漂变所导致的遗传分化;通过聚类分析,将6个不同地理种群的蒙古沙冬青分为三类,种群敖伦布拉格、千里沟和苏木图先聚成一大类,再与红沙砚聚成第二大类,而石碳沟则和扁担沟组成第大三类,表明相近的生境条件影响种群间遗传多样性的相似性.“,”In this study, 6 different geographical populations of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus were selected as materials, and 9 suitable ISSR primers were selected from 16 UBC primers. Also, the ISSR amplification reaction system and amplification procedure were optimized. 218 bands were amplified by 9 primers, in which the polymorphic bands accounted for 73％. The results showed that the Nei diversity index and Shannon's information index of Shitangou were the highest in 6 geographic populations, and those of the Qianligou were the lowest. This indicated that the genetic diversity of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus was closely related to the habitat conditions in different areas. The gene flow (Nm) of 6 populations was 1.773＞1, indicating that a certain gene flow existed between the 6 populations, which could prevent genetic differentiation caused by genetic drift. The 6 different geographical populations of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus were clustered into three groups by UPMGA analysis. Aolunbulage, Qianligou and Sumutu firstly clustered to form a group, which combined with Hongshayan to form the second group. Shitangou and Biandangou were included in the third group. The results suggested that the similar habitat conditions affected the similarity of genetic diversity among populations.