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(一)美国的“工读课程计划”“工读课程计划”即在人才培养过程中,学校与用人单位密切协作,学生在校学习与岗位劳动两者并举,既重视理论知识的学习,又强调职业技能的训练。这一办学形式的主要特点就是重视实习,注重技能。在美国,接受“工读课程计划”合作职业教育的学生,在学校学习与在雇用单位工作交替进行。在校学习包括两部分,一是学习有关的基础性知识;二是学习与职业有关的专业知识。在这种培养模式中,实习占有重要的地位,学生的动手能力训练受到高度重视。“工读课程计划”的合作教育课程就是学校通过与工商业部门的合作,为学生提供的一种适于就业的技能课程。学习这类课程的学生,把课堂和现场教学结合起来,在富有经验的协调人员的指导下,经常在工业、商业和卫生等部门参加各种类型的实习。这样,他们毕业后马上便能得心应手地上岗工作。
(1) In the United States, the “Work-study Curriculum Plan” and “Work-study Curriculum Plan” means that schools and employers work closely together. Both the students study at school and work at the same time both emphasize the study of theoretical knowledge , But also emphasize vocational skills training. The main features of this form of education is to attach importance to practice, focus on skills. In the United States, students who receive “Work-Study Program” co-operative education work in schools alternately with work in the hiring unit. Learning in school includes two parts, one is to learn the basic knowledge; the other is to learn professional-related professional knowledge. In this training mode, internships occupy an important position, students’ hands-on training is highly valued. The “Work-study Curriculum Plan” is a cooperative education program that provides students with an employment-oriented skills program through cooperation with the business sector. Students who study these courses combine classroom with on-site instruction and often practice various types of internships in industry, commerce and health under the guidance of experienced coordinators. In this way, they will be able to start their jobs immediately after graduation.