Erythropoietin has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective effects in animal models.A neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic white matter damage was established via bilateral carotid artery ligation in 4-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats.The rats were subsequently treated with recombinant human erythropoietin to observe pathological changes in the brain and long-term neurobehavioral functions before and after intervention.Results showed that the number of myelin basic protein-positive cells,which reflected myelin/oligodendrocyte damage,significantly increased,although the number of amyloid precursor protein-positive cells,which reflected axonal injury,significantly decreased in periventricular white matter at 72 hours and 7 days following erythropoietin intervention.The number of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells,indicating astrocytic damage,significantly decreased in periventricular white matter of erythropoietin-treated rats at 48 hours,72 hours,7 days,and 26 days.Following erythropoietin intervention in the 30-day-old rats,head-turning time in the slope test was shortened and open-field test scores increased.These results suggested that erythropoietin promoted repair of white matter damage,as well as improved neurobehavioral functions in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic injury. Erythropoietin has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective effects in animal models. A neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic white matter damage was established via bilateral carotid artery ligation in 4-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. These rats were subsequently treated with recombinant human erythropoietin to observe pathological changes in the brain and long-term neurobehavioral functions before and after intervention. Results showed that the number of myelin basic protein-positive cells, which showed myelin / oligodendrocyte damage, significantly increased, although the number of amyloid precursor protein-positive cells, which showed axonal injury, significantly decreased in periventricular white matter at 72 hours and 7 days following erythropoietin intervention. number of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells, indicating astrocytic damage, significantly decreased in periventricular white matter of erythropoietin-treated rats at 48 hours, 72 hours, 7 days, and 26 days. Popular eryt hropoietin intervention in the 30-day-old rats, head-turning time in the slope test was shortened and open-field test scores increased .sese results suggested that erythropoietin promoted repair of white matter damage, as well as improving neurobehavioral functions in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic injury.