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内窥镜有不能弯曲的和能弯曲的两大类。不能弯曲的内窥镜:主要用于检查通过人体自然的开放管口能到达的器官和组织。最先用于膀胱镜检查,经尿道进行膀胱和前列腺的手术。其他的内窥镜包括支气管镜、食管镜、子宫镜、喉镜和直肠镜。不能弯曲的内窥镜也用于经皮肤和腔壁检查肾(肾镜)、胸腔(胸腔镜)、腹腔(腹腔镜)和关节腔(关节镜),以及用于产前检查(羊膜镜)。经皮肤内窥镜已经改用直径0.7～2 mm的、长达20cm的透镜样玻璃纤维。
There are two types of endoscopes that can not be bent or curved. Unbendable endoscopes: Used primarily for examining organs and tissues that are accessible through the body’s natural open mouth. The first for cystoscopy, transurethral bladder and prostate surgery. Other endoscopes include bronchoscopy, esophagoscopy, hysteroscopy, laryngoscopy, and proctoscopy. Unbendable endoscopes are also used for percutaneous and luminal examination of the kidneys (nephroscopes), thorax (thoracoscopes), abdominal (laparoscopes) and articular cavities (arthroscopy), as well as for prenatal examination (amnioscopy) . Transdermal endoscopy has been switched to a diameter of 0.7 ~ 2 mm, up to 20cm of the lens-like glass fiber.