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籼稻是亚洲和世界其他一些地区广为种植的主要栽培稻亚种,同时也是我国杂交水稻恢复系的主要来源.研究籼稻亚种内的遗传结构和遗传多样性对中国栽培稻亚种内的分类和演化以及水稻杂种优势利用具有重要的理论和实践意义.本研究通过36个SSR标记对1582份籼稻地方品种的群体结构和地理生态分化进行了分析.结果表明,利用分子标记所做基于模型和基于遗传距离的群体结构表现一致,即早籼稻生态型可划分为4个地理生态群,中间型生态型可划分为3个地理生态群,晚籼稻生态型可划分为2个地理生态群.当地的生态环境和空间隔离是形成地理分化的主要原因.地理生态群既体现了品种间的遗传差异又是对不同生态环境适应的反映,可用于籼稻亚种内杂种优势群划分的依据.根据SSR标记在各个生态型及地理生态群的基因型分布,筛选了可用于鉴别各生态型和地理生态群的SSR特征等位变异并建立了相应的SSR分子判别式.通过SSR分子判别式选择籼稻的中间类型开展籼粳杂种优势研究以及选择不同地理生态类型开展籼稻亚种内杂种优势研究,有助于突破籼粳杂种优势利用的障碍和加强籼稻亚种内杂种优势利用.
Indica is the most widely cultivated subspecies of cultivated rice in Asia and other parts of the world, and is also the main source of hybrid rice restorer lines in China.Studies on the classification and classification of the subspecies of Chinese cultivated rice in the genetic structure and genetic diversity of indica subsp. And evolution as well as the utilization of heterosis in rice has important theoretical and practical significance.This study analyzed the population structure and geographical ecological differentiation of 1582 indica rice landraces by using 36 SSR markers.The results showed that using molecular markers based on the model and The population structure based on genetic distance is consistent, that is, the early indica rice ecological type can be divided into four geographical ecological groups, the middle type can be divided into three geographical ecological groups, the late indica rice ecological type can be divided into two geographical ecological groups. Of the ecological environment and spatial isolation is the main reason for the formation of geographical differentiation.Geographical ecological group reflects both the genetic differences between varieties and adapt to different ecological environment can be used for indications of subspecies heterosis group based on classification.According to SSR Marked in the various types of ecotypes and geographical distribution of genotypes, screened can be used to identify the ecological type and geographical students SSRs of SSRs and established corresponding SSR molecular discriminant.We studied the indica-japonica heterosis by selecting the middle type of indica rice based on SSR molecular discriminant, and studied the heterosis in indica rice by selecting different geographical and ecological types, including Help to break through the barriers to the utilization of indica-japonica heterosis and enhance heterosis utilization in indica rice subspecies.