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1951年,政务院由周总理签发了一个关于戏曲改革工作的指示,戏曲界叫它“五·五”指示。这个“五·五”指示是戏曲改革的一个很具体的纲领,也可以说,体现了当时戏改的理想。那个时候刚解放,戏曲界的局面很混乱,百废待兴。因为有了“五·五”指示,就把混乱局面理顺了。可见正确的政策有多么大的威力。从那时到现在已经有三十八年的时间了,经过十年“文革”、拨乱反正、动乱暴乱,这么长的时间,政府还没有对戏曲的新情况发布一个新的政策性文件,“五·五”指示再好也管不了这么长的时间。在新的时期中,戏曲应该搞什么、怎样搞?这个问题,戏曲界在相当长的时间里不明确,后来索性说不要管。小平同志讲“不要横加干涉”,我理解是说不要乱干涉,而是要把工作做到点子上。十一亿人口、三百多个剧种,二十几万从业人员,这不是一支普通的老百姓的队伍,它每天要同上千万观众接触,要在
In 1951, the State Council issued a directive on the work of drama reform by Premier Zhou, who called it the “May 5” directive. This “May the Fifth” directive is a very specific program for drama reform. It can also be said that it reflects the ideal of dramatization at that time. At that time just liberated, the situation in the opera industry is very chaotic, to be prosperous. Because of the “May 5” directive, we put the chaos in order. We can see how powerful the right policy is. It has been thirty-eight years since then. After a decade of “Cultural Revolution,” “Orderly chaos, turmoil and riot,” the government has yet to release a new policy document on the new circumstances of the drama. “Five Five ”instructions can no longer manage such a long time. In the new period, what should opera do and how to do it? The drama industry has not been clear for a long time and later simply said that it should not be controlled. Comrade Xiaoping said: “Do not interfere in a horizontal direction.” I understand that we should not interfere in any way, but rather do our best to get the job done. With a population of over 1.1 billion, more than 300 operas and more than 200,000 practitioners, this is not an ordinary people’s team. Every day, it needs to make contact with tens of millions of viewers at