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“民俗”,有各种不同的解释和定义。一般认为,民俗是民众在日常生活中所展现出来的文化现象,简单地说是生活中那些没有明文约定的规矩,包括有形民俗和无形民俗二方面。民俗的形成是一个复杂漫长的过程,有各种各样的原因起作用。有位学者曾把民俗的起因归结为四个方面:征服自然发展生产的需要,种族繁衍发展自身的需要,民众群体心理的认同,统治阶级思想的渗透与衍化。这确实很全面。但就具体民俗事项的形成而言,目前的研究者往往重视群体的作用,而忽视个体尤其是知名人士在民俗形成过程中的作用。本文拟就后者谈一点自己的管窥之见。
“Folklore” comes in a variety of different interpretations and definitions. It is generally believed that folklore is a cultural phenomenon that people display in their daily lives. In short, they are rules of life that are not expressly agreed upon, including tangible folk and intangible folklore. The formation of folk customs is a complicated and lengthy process, with a variety of reasons to work. Some scholars have attributed the causes of folklore to four aspects: the need to conquer the natural development and production, the necessity of ethnic reproduction and development, the identity of the popular group and the infiltration and evolution of the ruling class thought. This is indeed very comprehensive. However, in terms of the formation of specific folk customs, current researchers tend to pay attention to the role of groups while ignoring the role of individuals, especially famous persons, in the formation of folk custom. This article intends to talk about the latter’s own insights.