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土鳖虫是一味常用中药,具有活血散瘀,通经止痛的功效。此药始载于《神农本草经》中,将其列为中品。谓:“味咸寒,主心腹寒热,血积症瘕,破坚,下血闭……一名地鳖。”《唐本草》云:“此物好生鼠壤土中及屋壁下,状似鼠妇而大者寸余,形似小鳖,无甲但有鳞也。”《本草纲目》在虫部化生类(?)虫条下,释名地鳖、土鳖簸箕虫、过街。引弘景曰;“形扁如鳖,有甲不能飞,小有臭气。” 据《中华人民共和国药典》(1990年版)收载土鳖的原动物为昆虫纲,蜚蠊目地鳖科的中华地鳖Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker和冀地鳖Stelephaga plancyi Boleny。在临床运用中,一些地方亦以金边地鳖Opisthoplatia orientalis Burm、云南地鳖Eupolyphaga yunnanensis(Chopard)入药。本文就中华地鳖的外部形态和粉末形态进行了观察,现将结果报告于后供参考。
Earthworm is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, with blood stasis, through the effectiveness of pain relief. This medicine was originally included in the “Shen Nong’s Materia Medica” and it was included as a medium product. Said: “The taste is cold and salty, the main heart is cold and hot, the blood product is phlegm, and the blood is broken. The next blood is closed ... a mantle.” “Tang Materia Medica” cloud: “This material is good for mice, loam and under the roof, like a rat. The women and the elders are more than one inch in size and resemble a small beak. They have no nails, but they also have scales.” “Compendium of Materia Medica” in the class of insects and metamorphosis (?) Insects, the name of earthworms, earthworm insects, crossing the street.引景景曰; “The shape is flat, and A can’t fly. It has a slight smell.” According to the “Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China” (1990 edition), the original animal of the earthworm was collected as insects, and the Chinese dragonfly of the family Euphorbiaceae The mantle Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker and Stelephaga plancyi Boleny. In clinical applications, Opisthoplatia orientalis Burm in Phnom Penh and Eupolyphaga yunnanensis (Chopard) in Yunnan were used as medicine. In this paper, the external morphology and powder form of Chinese cormorants were observed. The results are reported later for reference.