子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMS)是指子宫内膜组织(腺体和间质)出现在子宫腔以外的部位。EMS患者的在位内膜不同于正常子宫内膜,不仅在形态结构上发生了改变,在基因层面与分子生物学层面亦发生了多种改变,这些改变进而引起一系列在位子宫内膜功能上的变化,主要表现为EMS患者在位内膜细胞的黏附性、侵袭力、转移力、血管生成能力、细胞增殖能力增强,细胞凋亡能力与子宫内膜容受性下降,以及神经纤维分布异常,引发盆腔疼痛等。 Endometriosis (EMS) refers to the endometrial tissue (glands and interstitial) appear in the uterine cavity outside the site. EMS patients with eutopic endometrium is different from the normal endometrium, not only in the morphological changes have occurred at the genetic level and molecular biology has also undergone a number of changes, these changes in turn cause a series of eutopic endometrial function On the changes, mainly in EMS patients eutopic endometrial cells adhesion, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, increased cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis and endometrial receptivity, and nerve fiber distribution Abnormal, causing pelvic pain and so on.