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树枝状大分子或树枝体由于其完美的拓扑结构和周边表面大量反应性的端基,成为一类理想的可用于构筑结构新颖的大分子液晶材料的预组织骨架结构。本文按树枝状大分子骨架的化学结构分类,对侧链型树枝状大分子液晶的设计合成、液晶相行为及其自组织超结构的最新研究进展进行总结和评述,重点介绍了聚酰胺-胺、聚丙烯亚胺、聚碳硅烷、聚醚以及聚酯树枝状大分子液晶体系。近些年对树枝状大分子液晶的系统研究发现了许多新颖液晶介晶相,极大地丰富了热致液晶相态的内涵,拓展了液晶研究范畴。研究表明通过合理的分子设计,通过对介晶基元、树枝体的化学结构及其代数的选择与调控,可以实现丰富多样的液晶介晶相乃至多级有序的自组织超结构。
Due to their perfect topological structure and abundant reactive end groups on the peripheral surface, dendritic macromolecules or dendrons become an ideal class of pre-organized scaffolds that can be used to construct novel macromolecule liquid crystal materials. Based on the chemical structure of dendritic macromolecule skeleton, this article summarizes and reviews the recent research progress on the design and synthesis, the phase behavior of liquid crystal phase and the self-organized super structure of dendritic macromolecule liquid crystal. The polyamidoamine , Polypropylene imine, polycarbosilane, polyether and polyester dendrimer liquid crystal system. In recent years, the systematic study of dendrimer liquid crystal has found many novel liquid crystal mesogenic phases, greatly enriched the connotation of thermotropic liquid crystal phase, and expanded the scope of liquid crystal research. The research shows that through rational molecular design, through the selection and regulation of the mesogen, the chemical structure of the dendrite and its algebra, a variety of liquid crystalline mesophase and even multi-order ordered self-organized superstructures can be achieved.